Gum recession causes primarily include gum disease, overzealous brushing, poor oral hygiene, genetics, and lifestyle factors. It occurs when the gum tissue pulls back, exposing more of the tooth or its root. In this blog, we’ll unpack the underlying causes and stages of gum recession, explore signs you might notice and outline what you can do ranging from at-home strategies to advanced dental care, including treatments available here at Coburg Dental Group.

Understanding Gum Recession

Gum recession (gingival recession) is when the gum margin retreats from the tooth crown, uncovering the root. It’s common often starting around middle age but can begin in adolescence. Many Australians have at least some degree of gum recession, even if it’s mild.

Main Causes of Gum Recession

• Gum disease (periodontitis): This bacterial infection damages gum tissue and bone, leading to recession.

• Aggressive brushing or flossing: Using hard-bristled brushes or scrubbing too hard causes gum wear.

• Poor oral hygiene: Plaque build-up turns into bacteria-laden tartar, triggering gum inflammation.

• Genetics or naturally thin gum tissue: Some people are born with a gum type more prone to recession.

• Misaligned teeth or bite issues: Uneven forces can stress gums, promoting recession.

• Teeth grinding (bruxism): Excess pressure and movement wear down gums.

• Lifestyle factors: Smoking, tobacco use, poor diet, diabetes, stress, and aging can weaken gum tissue.

Stages of Gum Recession

Stage	Description
Stage 1: Gingivitis	Mild, reversible gum inflammation red, swollen, bleeds easily.
Stage 2: Early Periodontitis	Gums begin to detach, forming pockets; mild recession begins.
Stage 3: Moderate Periodontitis	Bone loss, visible recession, sensitivity, loose teeth.
Stage 4: Severe Periodontitis	Extensive tissue and bone loss, high risk of tooth loss.

Some dentists also use classifications like Miller’s classification, which rates recession by severity and tissue involvement, especially for treatment planning.

Signs and Symptoms

• Tooth sensitivity, especially to hot or cold foods and drinks

• Visible roots or longer-looking teeth

• Bleeding, red, or swollen gums when brushing or flossing

• Cavities below the gum line or notches at the root surface

• Loose or shifting teeth, bad breath, and deep gum pockets

What You Can Do: From Home Care to Dental Treatments

Home and Preventive Care

• Brush gently with a soft toothbrush at a 45° angle to the gum line, avoiding harsh scrubbing

• Use floss or interdental brushes daily to remove plaque between teeth

• Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups and early intervention

• Quit smoking and improve diet with nutrient-rich foods, especially calcium and vitamin D

• Manage systemic conditions such as diabetes and reduce stress levels

Professional Treatments

Non-Surgical (Early Stage)

• Scaling and root planing: A deep cleaning to remove plaque and tartar from tooth roots

• Antimicrobial treatments: May be applied to control bacterial growth

Surgical (Advanced Cases)

• Gum grafting: Tissue from the palate or donor material is used to cover exposed roots

• Guided tissue regeneration: Encourages regrowth of bone and gum tissue

• Laser therapy: A minimally invasive option to remove diseased tissue and stimulate healing

Regenerative Techniques

• Platelet-rich fibrin or other growth factors can improve healing outcomes after surgery

In Australia, gum disease is a major contributor to gum recession, especially among older adults. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, poor nutrition, and lack of regular dental visits are common contributors. Many health funds offer cover for periodontal treatments, and Coburg Dental Group offers HICAPS for on-the-spot claims, making access to care easier for patients.

Quick Answers

What causes gum recession?
Gum disease, aggressive brushing, poor oral hygiene, genetics, misaligned bites, teeth grinding, smoking, and aging.

Can gums grow back?
No,gum tissue does not naturally regrow. However, treatments like grafts can restore coverage.

How to spot gum recession early?
Look for sensitivity, visible roots, longer-looking teeth, bleeding gums, or notches near the gum line.

How can I stop the gum recession from getting worse?
Brush gently, clean between teeth daily, avoid tobacco, manage health conditions, and see your dentist regularly.

What are the treatment options?
Early stage: scaling and root planing, better oral hygiene. Advanced stage: gum grafts, guided tissue regeneration, or laser therapy.

FAQ

Is gum recession painful?
Not always, but it can cause sensitivity once the roots are exposed.

At what age does gum recession begin?
It can start in the teenage years but is more common by middle age.

Does using an electric toothbrush cause recession?
No, as long as it’s used correctly with gentle pressure and a soft brush head.

How often should I get periodontal screening?
Every 6–12 months, or sooner if you notice symptoms like bleeding or sensitivity.

Can lifestyle changes alone fix recession?
They can slow it down but cannot reverse the existing recession. Professional treatment is needed to restore lost tissue.